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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ernegface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"edge (of a dish)face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé, êðîìêà (ïîñóäû)

face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"irna"wface="Times New Roman Star"ernek (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek








face="Times New Roman Star"erdo":face="Times New Roman Star"ernew
face="Times New Roman Star"irne- 'to border'


face="Times New Roman Star"ernek

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 301. The root is attested late and may be theoretically derived from *Erin 'lip' (v. sub *i_a>\re/); however, the latter can also mean 'edge (of a dish)' in some languages and one can suspect that PT actually merged *Erin 'lip' and *Erin 'edge', while the form *Erneg was derived only from the latter.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jabl/anface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wormwoodface="Times New Roman Star"ïîëûíü
face="Times New Roman Star"japc?an, javc?an (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"jaws?an



face="Times New Roman Star"jovs?an






face="Times New Roman Star"c?as?pan










face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 53-55, EDT 872.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"mekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"helpface="Times New Roman Star"ïîìîùü

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mekface="Times New Roman Star"ku"me|k 'collective, many people'face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ku.me|kface="Times New Roman Star"ko"me|k
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ma"kface="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek


face="Times New Roman Star"ko"me|k, keme|k
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"k
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mekface="Times New Roman Star"ku"me|k 'collective, many people'




face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mekface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 98-99, Stachowski 156.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sogut / *soktuface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"stuffed guts, sausageface="Times New Roman Star"íàáèòûå âíóòðåííîñòè, êîëáàñà
face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ut, soqtu (MK)














face="Times New Roman Star"su:k-xan
face="Times New Roman Star"soqtoface="Times New Roman Star"soqta







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 806.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jogurganface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"blanketface="Times New Roman Star"îäåÿëîface="Times New Roman Star"jog|urqan (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jog|urqan (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jorg|anface="Times New Roman Star"jurg|anface="Times New Roman Star"jorg|an (Ettuhf.), jurg|an (Houts.), jawurqan (MA)
face="Times New Roman Star"jo(r)tqan
face="Times New Roman Star"jorg|anface="Times New Roman Star"jorg|anface="Times New Roman Star"c?org|an
face="Times New Roman Star"d/u:rqanface="Times New Roman Star"jorg|a:n
face="Times New Roman Star"suorg|anface="Times New Roman Star"huorgan, suorganface="Times New Roman Star"c?o:rg|an
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u:rqan
face="Times New Roman Star"jurqan, juwyrqanface="Times New Roman Star"jurg|anface="Times New Roman Star"z?|uwurg|an, z?|u:rg|an, z?uwurg|an, zuwurg|anface="Times New Roman Star"jorg|anface="Times New Roman Star"jorg|an
face="Times New Roman Star"jorg|anface="Times New Roman Star"jowurg|anface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 907, VEWT 205, ÝÑÒß 4, 225-226, Stachowski 112.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAjaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 buttocks 2 thigh 3 waistface="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿãîäèöû 2 ëÿæêà 3 ïîÿñíèöà
face="Times New Roman Star"jaja (MK) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aja 1



face="Times New Roman Star"c?aja 3





face="Times New Roman Star"c?aja: 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aja 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?aja 1







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 980, VEWT 179, ÝÑÒß 4, 12, Ëåêñèêà 281.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kur/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"Northern slopeface="Times New Roman Star"ñåâåðíûé ñêëîíface="Times New Roman Star"quz (Yen.); qury 'West' (Orkh.),face="Times New Roman Star"quz (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koz, guz (dial.), kuzej
face="Times New Roman Star"quz (AH, Pav. C.), quzaj (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"quzface="Times New Roman Star"qozan 'sunset' (Mal.)face="Times New Roman Star"Guzejface="Times New Roman Star"Guzajface="Times New Roman Star"xosxar 'Polar star'
face="Times New Roman Star"qusqaj (Áàñê. Òóáà)















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 305, EDT 680, ÝÑÒß 6, 106-107.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bEd-le (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"such, similar, soface="Times New Roman Star"òàêîé, ïîäîáíûé, òàêèì îáðàçîì
face="Times New Roman Star"bo"jle (Tefs.)face="Times New Roman Star"bo"jle, (dial.) bele; (dial.) bile-m 'myself' etc.
face="Times New Roman Star"bejle, bo"jle (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"bejla", bela", dial. bila"-m 'myself' etc.face="Times New Roman Star"bejle

face="Times New Roman Star"bejde (Kumd.)face="Times New Roman Star"bila"-m, bila"-si, bila"-miz 'myself, himself, ourselves' etc. ( < Az.)














face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 107-108. Cf. perhaps also Yak. bet-tex (Dolg. bettek) 'here, closely', Yak., Dolg. betere: 'this, nearest side' (although it may go back to *bet 'face'; derivation < *be-ru" 'this side' in ÝÑÒß 2, 124, followed by Stachowski 59, is hardly plausible). The sometimes proposed explanation as *bu ile, i.e. "together with it" or "by means of it" is not quite acceptable for semantic reasons. As for the Oghuz variants with a labialized vowels, they may have an assimilative origin. But on the whole the attribution of the Turkic form is still dubious (although the semantic derivation "similar, such as" < "face, looks" seems to be quite common in Altaic).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sereface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"span between the big finger and index fingerface="Times New Roman Star"ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó áîëüøèì è óêàçàòåëüíûì ïàëüöàìè

face="Times New Roman Star"sere

face="Times New Roman Star"sa"ra" (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"sere








face="Times New Roman Star"sereface="Times New Roman Star"sere


face="Times New Roman Star"sera"



face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 411, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tydynface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"time, appointed timeface="Times New Roman Star"ñðîêface="Times New Roman Star"tydyn (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tyd|yn



















face="Times New Roman Star"tyna (3 Sg. Dat.) 'ïðîìåæóòîê ðàáî÷åãî âðåìåíè îò îäíîé ïåðåäûøêè äî äðóãîé'





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 457.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:la-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to heap up, pile upface="Times New Roman Star"íàêëàäûâàòü, íàãðîìîæäàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qala- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kala-, gala-
face="Times New Roman Star"qala- (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|la-face="Times New Roman Star"qala-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gala-face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Ga:la-

face="Times New Roman Star"qala-

face="Times New Roman Star"xa:la-


face="Times New Roman Star"qala-face="Times New Roman Star"qala-face="Times New Roman Star"qala-
face="Times New Roman Star"qala-

face="Times New Roman Star"qala-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 224, EDT 617, ÝÑÒß 5, 228-229.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jogduface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hair in camel's beardface="Times New Roman Star"âîëîñû ïîä ïîäáîðîäêîì ó âåðáëþäà, ëüâà è ò.ä.
face="Times New Roman Star"jog|du, jog|ru(j) (MK), z?|og|du (Oghuz., Kypch. MK)







face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|dyrface="Times New Roman Star"jog|dra 'tassel' (Âåðá.)




face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|dur
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|og|dor








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 899, ÄÒÑ 270, Clark 1977, 165. Turk. > WMong. z?|og|dur id.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAdna- ( ? -j-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to long forface="Times New Roman Star"æåëàòü, ñòðåìèòüñÿ








face="Times New Roman Star"jajna- dial. 'to suffer, worry'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna-face="Times New Roman Star"jajna-, d/ajna- 'to pine'















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 179, ÝÑÒß 4, 80. The stem seems to be distinct from the homonymous *jadna- ( ? *jajna-) 'to be spread; be wide open (eyes)' which may be derived from *jA:d- 'spread' q. v. sub *z?|a:dV (see ÝÑÒß 4, 79); let us note, however, that many of the reflexes of the latter may actually reflect our *jadna- 'to long for, miss' (cf. especially Kirgh. z?|ajna- 'to stare with envy and hope', Tur. jajna- 'to live in prosperity' etc.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sygface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"shallowface="Times New Roman Star"ìåëêèéface="Times New Roman Star"syq (syg|) (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sy:, syq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"syg|













face="Times New Roman Star"sy:k










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 415, EDT 804, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sydyr-gakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 a cloven hoof 2 double shin boneface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàçäâîåííîå êîïûòî 2 äâîéíàÿ ãîëåííàÿ êîñòü
face="Times New Roman Star"syd|yrg|aq (MK) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"sig|raq 1



face="Times New Roman Star"syzyro 'fork'



face="Times New Roman Star"ytarc?a 'ñêîâîðîäíèê îëåíüåé êîñòè' (Ïåê.)












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 803. Cf. *syn|yr-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ti-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of biting insectface="Times New Roman Star"âèä êóñàþùåãî íàñåêîìîãîface="Times New Roman Star"ti-ler (OUygh.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"See EDT 501: the word is located in a list of harmful biting insects, between flies and ants.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kasface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"skin, shell, peel, barkface="Times New Roman Star"êîæà, ñêîðëóïà, êîðàface="Times New Roman Star"qasuq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qas, qasuq (MK)










face="Times New Roman Star"qa:%s














face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 665, 666, ÝÑÒß 5 328. The root should be distinguished from *Kar/ (v. sub *k`e/r/a\). Note that in Siberian languages the reflexes of *r/ and *s coincide, so all the forms attributed to *Kar/ can also reflect PT *Kas.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko"l/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 screen, covering 2 to screen, obstruct light 3 shadowface="Times New Roman Star"1 óêðûòèå, ïîëîã, çàíàâåñ 2 äàâàòü òåíü, óêðûâàòü îò ñâåòà 3 òåíüface="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?ige (OUygh.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?i- (MK) 2, ko"s?ik (MK) 1, ko"s?ige (MK) 3



face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?u"ke| 1


face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zen|e 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z?ege 1




face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z?ege 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?o"go" 1








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 753. The root tends to merge with PT *ko"l/- 'to shiver (of cold), freeze' (see VEWT 294), as well as with *ko"li- 'shadow' - but they should be probably kept apart. Turk. > MMong. ko"s?i-, ko"s?ige, ko"s?ge (TMN 1, 481, Ùåðáàê 1997, 128, Clark 1980, 41) > Evk. kuc?i-, kuc?iger (Doerfer MT 125).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAkanface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"necklace, torqueface="Times New Roman Star"îæåðåëüå
face="Times New Roman Star"baqan (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 316.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bakna ( ? -g-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"rung of a ladder, step of a staircaseface="Times New Roman Star"ñòóïåíüêà ëåñòíèöû
face="Times New Roman Star"bag|na (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 316.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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